Calculating Tools

4.5 Outline

1. First calculating tool
2. Early calculating devices
   1. abacus
   2. Napier’s rods
   3. slide rule
3. Mechanical calculators
   1. Pascal’s calculator
   2. Babbage’s calculating machine
4. Hand-held calculators
5. First computers
   1. ENIAC
   2. UNIVAC I
6. Present-day computers
   1. Cray supercomputer
   2. Tianhe-2 supercomputer
   3. minicomputers
   4. history of the internet
   5. personal computers