Reference Topics 17-4

An excellent source can be found on the website of the Mathematical Association of America. It discusses the U.S. Constitution and its apportionment paradoxes.
http://www.maa.org/publications/maa-reviews/mathematical-theory-of-democracy

This site reviews a book on Elections and Voting.
http://www.maa.org/publications/maa-reviews/the-mathematics-of-elections-and-voting

This site reviews apportionment paradoxes.… See the whole entry

Reference Topics 17-2

This site on voting discusses some of the voting dilemmas encountered in this section:
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Voting.html

This site by the American Mathematical Society gives an excellent overview of voting and elections.
http://www.ams.org/featurecolumn/archive/voting-introduction.html

This site gives some references to Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem:… See the whole entry

Reference Topics 16-4

This is an interactive site discussing matrix operations:
http://www.mathportal.org/calculators/matrices-calculators/matrix-operations-calculator.php

This is an interactive site finding inverse matrices:
http://www.mathportal.org/calculators/matrices-calculators/matrix-calculator.php

This is a nice matrix operation site which also includes Gauss-Jordan elimination:
http://matrix.reshish.com/inverse.phpSee the whole entry