Gallon A measure
of capacity in the United States system that is equal to
4 quarts.
Gates In circuit
logic, it is a symbolic representation of a particular circuit.
Gauss-Jordan
elimination A method for solving a system of equations
that uses the following steps. Step 1: Select as the first
pivot the element in the first row, first column, and pivot.
Step 2: The next pivot is the element in the second row,
second column; pivot. Step 3: Repeat the process until you
arrive at the last row, or until the pivot element is a
zero. If it is a zero and you can interchange that row with
a row below it, so that the pivot element is no longer a
zero, do so and continue. If it is zero and you cannot interchange
rows so that it is not a zero, continue with the next row.
The final matrix is called the row-reduced form.
g.c.f. An abbreviation
for greatest common factor.
General form
If relation to second-degree equations (or conic sections)
it refers to the form
Ax2
+ Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
where A, B, C, D, E, and F are real numbers
and (x, y) is any point on the curvE.
General term
The n th term of a sequence or series.
Genus The number
of cuts that can be made without cutting a figure into two
pieces. The genus is equivalent to the number of holes in
the object.
Geometric mean
The geometric mean of the number a and b is
the square root of ab.
Geometric sequence
Geometric series
The indicated sum of the terms of a geometric sequencE.
The sum of n terms is denoted by Gn and
Gn = g1(1 - rn)/(1
- r),
r not equal to 1
If |r| < 1, then G = g1/(1
- r), where G is the sum of the infinite geometric
series. If |r| is greater than or equal to
1, the infinite geometric series has no sum.
Geometry The
branch of mathematics that treats the shape and size of
things. Technically, it is the study of invariant properties
of given elements under specified groups of transformations.
GIGO Garbage In,
Garbage Out, an old axiom regarding the use of computers.
Golden ratio
Golden rectangle
A rectangle R with the property that it can be divided
into a square and a rectangle similar to R ; a rectangle
whose sides form a golden ratio.
Googol The number
with 1 followed by 100 zeros; that is, 10,000,000,000,000,-000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,-000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,-000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Grace period
A period of time between when an item is purchased and when
it is paid during which no interest is charged.
Gram
A unit of mass (or weight) in the metric system. It
is equal to the weight of one cubic centimeter of water
at 4 degrees celsius.
Grant's
tomb properties
Two fundamental properties of logarithms:
1. logb bx= x
2. blogbx =
x (x
> 0)
Graph
(1) In statistics, it is a drawing that shows the relation
between certain sets of numbers.
Common forms are bar
graphs, line graphs, pictographs, and pie charts (circle
graphs). (2) A drawing that shows the relation
between certain sets of numbers.
It may be one-dimensional,
two-dimensional, or three-dimensional.
(3) A set of vertices connected by arcs or line segments.
Graph of
an equation See Equation of a graph.
Graphing method
A method of solving a system of equations that finds the
solution by looking at the intersection of the individual
graphs. It is an approximate method of solving a system
of equations, and depends on the accuracy of the graph that
is drawn.
Great circle
A circle on a sphere that has its diameter equal to that
of the sphere.
Greater than
If a lies to the right of b on a number
line, then a is greater than b, a >
b.
Formally, a > b if and only if a - b
is positive.
Greater
than or equal to
Greatest
common factor The largest divisor common to a given
set of numbers.
Group A set with
one defined operation that satisfies the closure, associative,
identity, and inverse properties.
Grouped
frequency distribution If the data are grouped before
they are tallied, then the resulting distribution is called
a grouped frequency distribution.
Grouping symbols
Parentheses ( ), brackets [ ], and braces { } indicate the
order of operations and are also sometimes used to indicate
multiplication, as in (2)(3) = 6. Also called symbols of
inclusion.
Growth formula
Refers to exponential growth. It is described by the
equation
A = A0
ert
where r is the annual growth rate
(and consequently is positive), t is the time (in
years),
A0 is the amount present initially (present
value), and A is the future value. If r is
positive, this formula models growth, and if r is
negative, the formula models decay.
